PEP 498 introduces a new kind of string literals: f-strings, or formatted string literals. Formatted string literals are prefixed with 'f' and are similar to the format strings accepted by str.format(). They contain replacement fields surrounded…

The venv module provides support for creating lightweight “virtual environments” with their own site directories, optionally isolated from system site directories. Each virtual environment has its own Python binary (which matches the…

You can install packages one by one, or by setting a requirements.txt file for your project. If you want to create a requirements.txt file from the already installed packages, run the following command: The…

In this tutorial we have used help() a few times. It’s great and you can use it as much as you want to. For example, running help(str) displays a nice list of all string…

When I was getting started in Python I learned to make classes for tkinter GUI’s before I understood how they work. Everything I did with classes worked, but I didn’t…

So far we have made programs that ask the user to enter a string, and we also know how to convert that to an integer. text = input("Enter something: ")…

Let’s say we want to generate a random number between 1 and 3. The random module is a really easy way to do this: >>> import random >>> random.randint(1, 3)…

What are files, directories and paths? These are simple thing that many computer users already know, but I’ll go through them just to make sure you know them also. Files…

Now we understand how code like this works. message = input("Enter something: ") if message == '': print("You didn't enter anything!") else: print("You entered:", message) But most Python programmers would…

Now we know enough about Python for creating a program that is actually useful. Awesome! In this tutorial we’ll write a program that reads questions and answers in a text…